How can industrialized societies, industrial economic sectors, and industrial firms maintain and enhance productivity without exceeding the capacity of the natural environment to serve as a source of raw materials and to absorb wastes? This interdisciplinary course looks to the field of industrial ecology for answers to these questions. Industrial ecology aims to minimize the environmental costs of industrial activities by applying lessons learned from ecosystems, in which all wastes are consumed as raw materials by other parts of the system. At scales ranging from whole societies to individual firms, students in this course learn how to stretch resources, manage risks, protect human health, and pursue environmental sustainability through strategies for preventing, reducing, reusing, and recycling the wastes that otherwise would be released to the environment as pollution.