A comprehensive examination of civil law issues, often witnessed in a justice agency, brought about by justice personnel in the performance of their duties. Examples include civil rights violations, consequences of excessive force, assault and other tortuous conduct, negligent hiring, retention and entrustment, defamation and slander and dereliction of duty. Course employs a series of actual litigations involving civil liability in police departments, tracing the original infliction of harm through the jury verdict. Defense strategies to citizen actions are provided.